Propuesta de reformas legales para mejorar el resarcimiento de los perjuicios ocasionados al Estado, identificados en los informes de control de la Contraloría General de la República, período 2017
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2022
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Contraloría General de la República. Escuela Nacional de Control
Resumen
La escasa efectividad del resarcimiento de los perjuicios ocasionados al Estado a partir de la responsabilidad civil identificada en los informes de control de la CGR, que actualmente incorporan solo a funcionarios públicos de escasa solvencia económica y no a los terceros (empresas contratistas, por lo general) que coadyuvaron a ocasionar el perjuicio, es un serio problema público. En efecto, los daños y perjuicios ocasionados al Estado, que son evidenciados en los informes de control que identifican responsabilidad civil en funcionarios y servidores públicos, no se cobran o estarían siendo mínimamente resarcidos, no obstante que los respectivos procesos civiles iniciados por la Procuraduría Pública de la Contraloría General de la República son mayoritariamente exitosos. En la última década las sumas sentenciadas a favor del Estado por daños identificados en informes de control, han sido por varios cientos de millones de soles, pero las sumas recuperadas en la etapa de ejecución de sentencia han sido mínimas. En el presente trabajo de investigación aplicada, se pretende explicar las relaciones causa-efecto de este problema y formular dos propuestas de cambio del marco legal. Una, generar incentivos en los funcionarios y servidores públicos a fin que cumplan con pagar las sumas sentenciadas antes mencionadas. Dos, incorporar a los terceros, especialmente en el caso de los contratistas del Estado, cuando en los informes de control se hubiera determinado que habrían ocasionado un daño al Estado por incumplimiento de sus respectivas obligaciones, individualmente o coadyuvando con los funcionarios y servidores públicos. Las citadas propuestas requieren conocer la situación actual sobre la materia y realizar un andamiaje jurídico que nos permita sustentar su viabilidad y legitimidad, pues su implementación producirá cambios notables en la ejecución del control gubernamental, en sus resultados y en el valor agregado que el ente rector de control brinda a la población.
The scant effectiveness of the compensation for the damages caused to the State from the civil liability identified in the control reports of the CGR, which currently only include public officials with low economic solvency and not third parties that contributed to causing the damage (contracting companies, generally), is a serious public problem. Indeed, the damages caused to the State, evidenced in the control reports that identify civil liability of public officials and servants, are not collected or minimally compensated, despite the fact that the respective civil proceedings initiated by the Public Prosecutor's Office of the Comptroller General of the Republic are mostly successful. In the last decade, the sums sentenced in favor of the State for damages identified in control reports have been several hundred million soles, but the sums recovered in the sentence execution stage have been minimal. This applied research work will try to explain the cause-effect relationships of this problem, and formulate two proposals for changing the legal framework. One, to generate incentives in officials and public servants so that they comply with paying the sentenced sums mentioned above. Two, to incorporate third parties, especially in the case of State contractors, when it has been determined in the control reports that they have generated damage to the State for breach of their respective duties, individually or collaborating with public officials and servants. The aforementioned proposals require knowing the current situation on the matter and carrying out a legal scaffolding that allows us to support its viability and legitimacy, since its implementation will produce notable changes in the execution of government control, in its results, and in the added value that the governing body of control it provides to the population.
The scant effectiveness of the compensation for the damages caused to the State from the civil liability identified in the control reports of the CGR, which currently only include public officials with low economic solvency and not third parties that contributed to causing the damage (contracting companies, generally), is a serious public problem. Indeed, the damages caused to the State, evidenced in the control reports that identify civil liability of public officials and servants, are not collected or minimally compensated, despite the fact that the respective civil proceedings initiated by the Public Prosecutor's Office of the Comptroller General of the Republic are mostly successful. In the last decade, the sums sentenced in favor of the State for damages identified in control reports have been several hundred million soles, but the sums recovered in the sentence execution stage have been minimal. This applied research work will try to explain the cause-effect relationships of this problem, and formulate two proposals for changing the legal framework. One, to generate incentives in officials and public servants so that they comply with paying the sentenced sums mentioned above. Two, to incorporate third parties, especially in the case of State contractors, when it has been determined in the control reports that they have generated damage to the State for breach of their respective duties, individually or collaborating with public officials and servants. The aforementioned proposals require knowing the current situation on the matter and carrying out a legal scaffolding that allows us to support its viability and legitimacy, since its implementation will produce notable changes in the execution of government control, in its results, and in the added value that the governing body of control it provides to the population.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Contratos públicos, Informes de control, Responsabilidad civil, Incumplimiento de obligaciones, Daños al Estado
Citación
Ortiz Rivero, J. A. (2022). Propuesta de reformas legales para mejorar el resarcimiento de los perjuicios ocasionados al Estado, identificados en los informes de control de la Contraloría General de la República, período 2017. [Trabajo de Investigación, Contraloría General de la República, Escuela Nacional de Control]. Repositorio de la Escuela Nacional de Control de la Contraloría General de la República del Perú.